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American geographer (1889–1975)

Carl O. Sauer
Built-in	24 Dec 1889 Warrenton
Died	eighteen July 1975 (aged 85) Berkeley
Alma mater	University of Chicago Northwestern Academy Central Wesleyan College
Employer	University of California, Berkeley University of Michigan
Awards	Guggenheim Fellowship (1931)

Carl Ortwin Sauer (Dec 24, 1889 – July 18, 1975) was an American geographer. Sauer was a professor of geography at the University of California at Berkeley from 1923 until becoming professor emeritus in 1957. He has been called "the dean of American historical geography"^[1] and he was instrumental in the early evolution of the geography graduate school at Berkeley. I of his all-time known works was Agricultural Origins and Dispersals (1952). In 1927, Carl Sauer wrote the commodity "Recent Developments in Cultural Geography," which considered how cultural landscapes are made upward of "the forms superimposed on the concrete landscape."

Family and education [edit]

Sauer was built-in December 24, 1889 in Warrenton, Missouri, the son of German-born William Albert Sauer and Rosseta J. Vosholl. Equally a child he was sent to study in Frg for 5 years. He later attended Key Wesleyan College where his father served as the school botanist and taught music and French. The elder Sauer was interested in history and geography and felt at that place was a strong relationship between the two fields of report. His outlook most likely had a strong influence on his son's perspective. Subsequently graduating in 1908, Sauer studied geology briefly at Northwestern University and so moved to the Academy of Chicago to report geography. There he was influenced by geologist Rollin D. Salisbury and botanist Henry C. Cowles. Sauer wrote his dissertation on the geography of the Ozark highlands (published in 1920) and received his doctorate caste in 1915. Sauer married Laura Lorena Schowengerdt^[2] on December 30, 1913; they had two children, a daughter and a son.^[three] Their son, Jonathan D. Sauer, became a professor of geography, specializing in plant geography.^[4]

Career [edit]

In 1915 Sauer joined the University of Michigan as an teacher in geography and was promoted to total professor in 1922. While at Michigan he became involved in public state utilise policy. He became concerned near the articulate-cutting of pino forests in the state and the resulting ecological harm. In 1922 he played a major office in the establishment of the Michigan Country Economic Survey.^[3]

In 1923 Sauer left Michigan to get a professor of geography and founding chairman of the Geography Department at the Academy of California, Berkeley.^[iii] He replaced Ruliff S. Holway equally professor.^[5] He served equally chair for more than thirty years, creating a distinctive American schoolhouse of geography. Shortly afterwards his arrival he began a program of fieldwork in United mexican states that continued into the 1940s. Initially he focused on the contemporary landscapes of Mexico but his interests grew to include the early Spanish presence in the region and the prehistoric Indian cultures of northwestern Mexico. He worked closely with other departments, especially anthropology and history.^[three]

The scope of Sauer's work expanded in telescopic to include investigations into the timing of man's arrival in the Americas; the geography of Indian populations; and the development of agriculture and native crops in the Americas.^[6]

Influence [edit]

Carl Sauer's paper "The Morphology of Landscape"^[vii] was probably the most influential commodity contributing to the development of ideas on cultural landscapes^{[8] [ix] [x] [eleven]} and is still cited today. Even so, Sauer'due south newspaper was really about his ain vision for the discipline of geography, which was to establish the bailiwick on a phenomenological ground, rather than being specifically concerned with cultural landscapes. "Every field of knowledge is characterized by its declared preoccupation with a certain group of phenomena," co-ordinate to Sauer.^[12] Geography was assigned the study of areal knowledge or landscapes or chorology—following the thoughts of Alfred Hettner.^[13] "Within each landscape there are phenomena that are non only there but are either associated or independent of each other." Sauer saw the geographer'southward task as beingness to find the areal connectedness between phenomena.^[14] Thus "the task of geography is conceived as the establishment of a disquisitional system which embraces the phenomenology of landscape, in society to grasp in all of its meaning and colour the varied terrestrial scene"^[fifteen] A collection of Sauer'due south letters while doing fieldwork in South America has been published.^[16]

Sauer was a tearing critic of ecology determinism, which was the prevailing theory in geography when he began his career. He proposed instead an approach variously called "landscape morphology" or "cultural history." This approach involved the inductive gathering of facts virtually the human impact on the landscape over time. Sauer rejected positivism, preferring particularist and historicist understandings of the globe. He drew on the work of anthropologist Alfred Kroeber and afterward critics accused him of introducing a "superorganic" concept of culture into geography.^[17] Sauer expressed concern about the way that modern capitalism and centralized government were destroying the cultural diversity and environmental health of the world. He believed that agronomics, and domestication of plants and animals had an consequence on the physical surroundings.

Later on his retirement, Sauer's schoolhouse of human-environs geography developed into cultural ecology, political ecology, and historical ecology. Historical ecology retains Sauer's involvement in human being modification of the landscape and pre-mod cultures.

Honors and awards [edit]

Sauer received numerous professional awards and honorary degrees:^{[18] [six]}

• Charles P. Daly Medal, American Geographical Society, 1940
• Vega Medal, Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, 1957
• Alexander von Humboldt Medal, Berlin Geographical Society, 1959
• Victoria Medal, Royal Geographical Society, 1975
• Phil. D., Academy of Heidelberg, 1956
• LL.D., Syracuse University, 1958
• LL.D., University of California, Berkeley, 1960
• LL.D., University of Glasgow, 1965

He was named a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow in 1931^[18] and served as a member of the Selection Board of the Guggenheim Memorial Foundation 1936-1965.

He was awarded an Honorary Fellowship from the American Geographical Society in 1935, and its Daly Medal in 1940.^[19]

Graduate students [edit]

Sauer graduated many doctoral students, the majority completing dissertations on Latin American and Caribbean topics and thereby founding the Berkeley School of Latin Americanist Geography.^[xx] The first generation consisted of Sauer's own students: Fred B. Kniffen (1930), Peveril Meigs (1932), Donald Brand (1933), Henry Bruman (1940), Felix Westward. McBryde (1940), Robert Bowman (1941), Dan Stanislawski (1944), Robert C. West (1946), James J. Parsons (1948), Edwin Doran (1953), Philip Wagner (1953), Brigham Arnold (1954), Homer Aschmann (1954), B. LeRoy Gordon (1954), Gordon Merrill (1957), Donald Innis (1958), Marvin West. Mikesell (1958), Carl Johannessen (1959), Clinton Edwards (1962), and Leonard Sawatzky (1967).

Among them, Parsons remained at the University of California at Berkeley and became prolific in directing Latin Americanist doctoral dissertations. His doctoral students formed the second generation of the Berkeley School: Campbell Pennington (1959), William Denevan (1963), David Harris (1963), David Radell (1964), Thomas Veblen (1975), Karl Zimmerer (1987), Paul F. Starrs (1989), John B. Wright (1990), and David J. Larson (1994). Apart from Latin America, Parsons' Ph.D. students such as Alvin W. Urquhart (1962) also worked in Africa.

Denevan became a professor at the Academy of Wisconsin-Madison and, in plow, produced a third generation: Daniel Gade (1967), Bernard Nietschmann (1970), Roger Byrne (1972), Roland Bergmann (1974), Billie Lee Turner II (1974), Gregory Knapp (1984), Kent Mathewson (1987), John M. Treacy (1989), and Oliver Coomes (1992). Mikesell became a professor at the University of Chicago and also produced a third generation.

A member of the quaternary generation, William E. Doolittle studied with Turner, earned the Ph.D. in 1979, became a professor in the Department of Geography and the Environment at Academy of Texas at Austin, and has extended the school into the fifth generation: Dean P. Lambert (1992), Andrew Sluyter (1995), Emily H. Young (1995), Eric P. Perramond (1999), Phil L. Crossley (1999), Jerry O. (Joby) Bass (2003), Maria G. Fadiman (2003), and Matthew Fry (2008).^[21]

Works [edit]

Sauer published twenty-one books and more ninety papers and articles.^[3] His works include:^[6]

• Geography of the Upper Illinois Valley and History of Evolution, 1916
• The Geography of the Ozark Highland of Missouri, 1920
• The Morphology of Landscape, 1925
• Basin and Range Forms in the Chiricahua Surface area, 1930
• The Road to Cibola, 1934
• Themes of institute and animal destruction in economic history, 1938
• Environment and culture during the last deglaciation, 1948
• Agricultural Origins and Dispersals, 1952
• The Early Spanish Main, 1966
• Sixteenth Century North America: The Land and People equally Seen by Europeans, 1971

Run across likewise [edit]

• Berkeley School of Latin Americanist Geography
• Geographers on Pic
• List of geographers

References [edit]

1. ^ Christopher R. Boyer, "Geographic Regionalism and Natural Diversity," in A Companion to Mexican History and Civilization, ed. William H. Beezley. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell 2011, p. 126.
2. ^ Carl Ortwin Sauer at Detect a Grave
3. ^ ^{a b c d due east} Harmond, Richard (1999). "Sauer, Carl Ortwin". In Garraty, John A. (ed.). American National Biography (ANB). Vol. nineteen. Oxford University Printing. pp. 302–304.
4. ^ Brothers, T. S.; Fredrich, B.; Gade, D. West.; Kimber, C. T. (2009). "Jonathan D. Sauer (1918-2008): perspectives on his life and work in Latin America and beyond. Journal of Latin American Geography". 8 (i): 165–180. JSTOR 25765243.
5. ^ Geography:History, Academy of California, Berkeley, retrieved 2021-09-eleven
6. ^ ^{a b c} Sterling, Keir B., ed. (1997). "Sauer, Carl Ortwin". Biographical Dictionary of American and Canadian Naturalists and Environmentalists. Greenwood Press.
7. ^ Sauer, C. O. 1925. "The Morphology of Landscape". Academy of California Publications in Geography 2 (2):19-53.
8. ^ James, P. E. and Martin, G. 1981, All Possible Worlds: A history of geographical ideas, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1981: 321-324
9. ^ Leighly, J. 1963. Land and Life: A selection from the writings of Carl Ortwin Sauer. Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 6
10. ^ Cost, M., and Thou. Lewis. 1993. "The Reinvention of Cultural Geography". Annals of the Association of American Geographers 83 (one):1-17.
11. ^ Williams, M. 1983. "The apple of my eye: Carl Sauer and historical geography". Journal of Historical Geography 9 (1):1-28.
12. ^ Sauer, C. O. 1925. "The Morphology of Landscape". University of California Publications in Geography 2, p. xx
13. ^ Sauer, C. O. 1925. "The Morphology of Landscape". Academy of California Publications in Geography 2, p. 21
14. ^ Sauer, C. O. 1925. "The Morphology of Landscape". Academy of California Publications in Geography 2, p. 22
15. ^ Sauer, C. O. 1925. "The Morphology of Landscape". University of California Publications in Geography 2, p. 25
16. ^ Carl Ortwin Sauer, Andean reflections: letters from Carl O. Sauer while on a South American trip under a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Boulder, Colo. : Westview Printing, 1982.
17. ^ Duncan, J. 1980. "The superorganic in American cultural geography". Annals of the Clan of American Geographers 70:181-198. But run into as well Solot, M. 1986. "Carl Sauer and cultural evolution". Annals of the Association of American Geographers 76(4):508-520.
18. ^ ^{a b} "CARL O SAUER". geog.berkeley.edu . Retrieved 2019-01-thirty .
19. ^ "American Geographical Society Honorary Fellowships" (PDF). amergeog.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-03-02 .
20. ^ Scott S. Brownish and Kent Mathewson, "Sauer's Descent?, Or Berkeley Roots Forever?," APCG Yearbook 61 (1999): 137-57
21. ^ Kent Mathewson, "Sauer'south Berkeley School Legacy: Foundation for an Emergent Ecology Geography?," Archived 2012-04-15 at the Wayback Motorcar. In Geografía y Ambiente en América Latina, Gerardo Bocco, Pedro S. Urquijo, and Antonio Vieyra, eds. (Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2011)

Farther reading [edit]

• Carl Sauer on Culture and Mural:Readings and Commentaries, edited past William M. Denevan and Kent Mathewson. Baton Rouge, LA:Louisiana State University Press, 2009 ISBN 978-0-8071-3394-1.
• Culture, Land, and Legacy: Perspectives on Carl Sauer and Berkeley School Geography, edited by Kent Mathewson and Martin S. Kenzer. Billy Rouge, LA: Geoscience Publications, 2003.
• Carl O. Sauer: The Road to Cíbola. Berkeley and Los Angeles: Academy of California Press 1932.
• Carl O. Sauer: Agricultural Origins and Dispersals, American Geographical Club, 1952.
• Carl O. Sauer: The Early Castilian Main, Academy of California Press, Berkeley, 1966.
• Carl O. Sauer: Northern Mists, Academy of California Press, Berkeley, 1968.
• Mercatanti L.: Carl Sauer e gli ultimi lavori sul continente americano. The Early on Spanish Principal, in Rivista Geografica Italiana, 121, 2014, pp. 275–288 ISSN 0035-6697.

External links [edit]

• Collection Guide to the Carl Ortwin Sauer papers, 1909-1975 at The Bancroft Library
• UC, Berkeley Biography
• List of accomplishments on the Berkeley geography website
• Listing of Sauer manufactures on the spider web

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_O._Sauer

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